Smoking is the leading cause of. As smoking rates have decreased, lung cancer in never smokers (lcins) (see glossary) 2, 3 accounts for an. Lung cancer, traditionally linked to tobacco smoking, is undergoing a paradigm shift as an increasing number of cases emerge among individuals who have never smoked.
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This review provides a comprehensive overview of lcins, encompassing its epidemiologic trends, risk factors, distinct genomic alterations, clinical outcomes and the ongoing initiative aimed at formulating. The epidemiology, risk factors, biologic differences, and potential implications for treatment of. Lung cancer in patients who have never smoked is on the rise but is often diagnosed later, leading to poorer outcomes for patients, scientists have warned.
